Learn physical design concepts in easy way and understand interview related question only for freshers

Saturday, July 11, 2020

OCV (On Chip Variation) and CRPR (Clock Reconvergence Pessimism Removal)

What are OCV and CRPR?

How they are related?


CRPR (Clock Reconvergence Pessimism Removal) topic is comes after the STA introduces OCV (On Chip Variation) analysis, So here I  covered small introduction of OCV so that we can understand the CRPR and How CRPR is related to OCV.

we all know during the manufacturing of chips on the same die may suffer from variations due to process, voltage, or temperature change, thus transistors can be faster or slower in different dies.


Delays vary across a single die due to PVT (processor, voltage, temperature). The delay value of IC in cold weather is different and hot weather is different. In cold weather, the metals in IC will shrink so the delay will decrease. In hot weather, the metal will expand so the delay will increase.


The variation may be random or deterministic.  Random variations are oxide thickness variation, implant doses, and metal or dielectric thickness variations.


Suppose there is two inverters having the same characteristics on the single-chip but due to process, voltage, and temperature variation the delay of these two has different delay propagation.

To compensate these variations, STA introduces a concept called On-Chip Variation (OCV). In this concept, extra timing margins are added in timing analysis. In OCV, all cells or nets in the launch clock path, data path, and capture clock path will be added a fixed derate value, bringing more pessimism in timing analysis and compensating the variation.


In simple words, OCV is a technique in which this flat derate is applied to make a faster path more fast and slower path slower. so OCV adds some pessimism in the common path of lauch and capture path i.e. for a same cell there are two delays min and max.


In this concept, we remove the extra pessimism from common path. Generally, we add the delay to every buffer in the process of OCV. But adding more delay is also affects the speed of the chip and it may cause violations to overcome this we are removing the delay to the common path in the process of CRPR.


The delay difference along the common paths of the launching and capturing clock paths is called CRPR.

 

Problem: - In the fig three buffers, flip flops, combinational circuit have two delays one is min delay another is the delay after adding derating i.e. max delay. Consider Time period 8ns and Tsetup and Thold are 0.2ns.


Let's consider a buffer that is placed in a common path (both data path and clock path) for buf2 and buf3 buffer.

The tool calculates max. delays for setup calculation and min. delays for hold (worst- and best-case analysis). 


Without CRPR: -


Setup slack = (required time) min - (arrival time) max

Arrival time = 0.70 + 0.65 +0.60 + 3.6 = 5.55ns

Requited time = 8+ 0.60 + 0.45 -0.2 = 8.85ns

Setup slack = 8.85ns – 5.55ns = 3.3ns


Hold slack= = (arrival time) min - required time) max -

Arrival time = 0.60 +.55+.48+2.5 = 4.13ns

Requited time = .70 + .75+0.2 =1.65ns

Hold time = 4.13ns -1.65ns = 2.48ns


With CRPR:

When comes to OCV analysis, the tool further considers, max. for data path and min. for clock path during setup analysis. max. for clock path and min. for data path during hold analysis.

So, buffer placed in the common path now has 2 values i.e., max. and min. values. As we know, a cell can't have two different values at a particular instant of time. Thereby we calculate the buffer value as:


CRPR = Max. value - min. value

In the CRPR process we are removing the derating to common buffer. here the common buffer buf1.so we are considering 0.70ns-.60ns =.10ns for buf1.


Setup slack = (required time) min - (arrival time) max

Arrival time = 0.10 + 0.65 +0.60 + 3.6 = 4.95ns

Requited time = 8+0.10 + 0.45 -0.2 = 8.35ns

Setup slack = 8.35ns – 4.95ns = 3.4ns


Hold slack= = (arrival time) min - required time) max -

Arrival time = 0.10 +.55+.48+2.5 = 3.63ns

Requited time = .10 + .75+0.2 =1.05ns

Hold time = 3.63ns -1.05ns = 2.58ns

 

Without CRPR the setup and hold values are: - 3.3ns, 2.48ns

With CRPR the setup and hold values are: - 3.4ns, 2.58ns


From the above results, it is clear that with the CRPR method both setup and hold are benefited.


Some commands related to CRPR: 

pt_shell> set_operating_conditions -analysis_type on_chip_variation -min MIN -max MAX


pt_shell>set timing_remove_clock_reconvergence_pessimism TRUE


I will write about OCV (on chip variation) in some other post because this is a separate topic.


14 comments:

  1. nice explaination..
    Sir kindly explain about OCV, AOCV & POCV in next article

    ReplyDelete
  2. This is my first time visit to your blog and I am very interested in the articles that you serve. Provide enough knowledge for me. Thank you for sharing useful and don't forget, keep sharing useful info: northamptonremovalspro.co.uk

    ReplyDelete
  3. We have sell some products of different custom boxes.it is very useful and very low price please visits this site thanks and please share this post with your friends. asbestos removal specialists

    ReplyDelete
  4. I will get going by barring the retail chain modest plastic poker chips. I expect you as of now know about these and are searching for something a touch more expert inclination. power MOSFET

    ReplyDelete
  5. In the event that you truly need a precise figure for your tree evacuation, ask nearby organizations for a free tree gauge. You will track down that the incessant examination of your trees will pay off, when you set aside enormous amounts of money for tending to dead or biting the dust trees. Tree Removal Stockton

    ReplyDelete
  6. To make an informed decision when choosing a tree contractor, it's necessary to get a minimum of two quotes. Tree Removal Franklin

    ReplyDelete
  7. Know that when 3 inches or a greater amount of soil has been stacked up over the underlying foundations of the braid, most presumably, it will kick the bucket. Stump Grinding Roseville

    ReplyDelete
  8. Major thanks for the blog article. Really looking forward to read more. Really Cool.Louisville Tree Pruning

    ReplyDelete
  9. In view of the above show, you can't turn out badly in employing the ideal office expulsion administration for your moving.visit website
    this website

    ReplyDelete
  10. I haven’t any word to appreciate this post.....Really i am impressed from this post....the person who create this post it was a great human..thanks for shared this with us. 메이저 사설토토

    ReplyDelete
  11. nice article!Thank you very much!
    May I translate your article to Chinese and post them on Zhihu.com(the variation of Quora in China)?
    I'll post your website's address at the first line of every article.

    ReplyDelete
  12. Very well done.osum explanation.

    ReplyDelete